Kuri iki cyumweru, Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi (FAO), ku bufatanye na OMS, ryasohoye raporo ya mbere ku isi ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’ibiribwa ku bicuruzwa bishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo.
Raporo igamije gutanga urufatiro rukomeye rwa siyansi rwo gutangira gushyiraho urwego ngenderwaho na sisitemu zifatika zo kurinda umutekano wa poroteyine zindi.
Corinna Hawkes, umuyobozi wa sisitemu y’ibiribwa ya FAO n’ishami rishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa, yagize ati: “FAO, hamwe na OMS, ishyigikira abanyamuryango bayo batanga inama z’ubumenyi zishobora kugirira akamaro inzego zibishinzwe zishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa gukoresha nk'ishingiro mu gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye by’umutekano w’ibiribwa”.
Mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara na FAO yagize ati: "Ibiribwa bishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo ntabwo ari ibiryo by'ejo hazaza. Ibigo birenga 100 / abatangiza imishinga basanzwe bakora ibicuruzwa by’ibiribwa bishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo biteguye gucuruzwa kandi bategereje kwemerwa."
Raporo ivuga ko uku guhanga udushya muri gahunda y'ibiribwa ari ugusubiza “ibibazo bikomeye by’ibiribwa” bijyanye n’abatuye isi bagera kuri miliyari 9.8 mu 2050.
Kubera ko bimwe mu biribwa bishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo bimaze kuba mu byiciro bitandukanye by'iterambere, raporo ivuga ko “ari ngombwa gusuzuma mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro inyungu bashobora kuzana, ndetse n'ingaruka zose ziterwa na zo - harimo kwihaza mu biribwa ndetse no kwita ku bwiza”.
Raporo yiswe Ibiribwa by’umutekano w’ibiribwa bishingiye ku Kagari, ikubiyemo ubuvanganzo bw’ibitabo by’ibibazo bifitanye isano n’amagambo, amahame y’ibikorwa by’ibiribwa bishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo, imiterere y’imiterere y’isi yose, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Isiraheli, Qatar na Singapuru “kugira ngo hagaragazwe ahantu hatandukanye, imiterere n’ibice bitandukanye bikurikiza amategeko agenga ibiryo bishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo”.
Igitabo gikubiyemo ibyavuye mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo iyobowe na FAO yabereye muri Singapuru mu Gushyingo umwaka ushize, aho hakozwe uburyo bunoze bwo kumenya ingaruka z’umutekano w’ibiribwa - kumenyekanisha ibyago bikaba intambwe yambere y’ibikorwa byo gusuzuma ingaruka.
Kumenyekanisha ibyago byari bikubiyemo ibyiciro bine byerekana umusaruro ukomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo: inkomoko y'utugari, imikurire y'uturemangingo n'umusaruro, gusarura ingirabuzimafatizo, no gutunganya ibiryo. Impuguke zemeje ko mu gihe ibyago byinshi bimaze kumenyekana kandi bikabaho kimwe mu biribwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa, hashobora kwibandwaho gushyira ibikoresho byihariye, inyongeramusaruro, ibiyigize - harimo na allergène zishobora kuba - n'ibikoresho byihariye mu gutanga ibiribwa bishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo.
Nubwo FAO ivuga “ibiryo bishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo,” raporo yemeza ko 'guhinga' n '' umuco 'na byo ari amagambo akoreshwa mu nganda. FAO irasaba inzego zishinzwe kugenzura igihugu gushyiraho imvugo isobanutse kandi ihamye yo kugabanya itumanaho ribi, rikaba ari ngombwa mu kuranga.
Raporo yerekana ko uburyo buri kibazo cyo gusuzuma umutekano w’ibiribwa by’ibiribwa bikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo bikwiye kuko, nubwo hashobora gukorwa rusange ku bijyanye n’umusaruro, buri gicuruzwa gishobora gukoresha amasoko atandukanye, scafolds cyangwa microcarrier, ibitangazamakuru by’umuco, imiterere y’ubuhinzi n’ibishushanyo mbonera.
Ivuga kandi ko mu bihugu byinshi, ibiribwa bishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo bishobora gusuzumwa mu rwego rw’ibiribwa bihari, hashingiwe ku byahinduwe na Singapuru ku mabwiriza agenga ibiryo bishya birimo ibiryo bishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo ndetse n’amasezerano ya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ku bijyanye no gushyira akamenyetso ku byerekeranye n’umutekano w’ibiribwa bikozwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo z’amatungo n’inkoko, nk’urugero. Yongeraho ko USDA yatangaje ko ishaka gushyiraho amabwiriza yerekeye kuranga inyama n’ibikomoka ku nkoko bikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo.
Nk’uko FAO ibivuga, “kuri ubu hari amakuru make n'amakuru make ku bijyanye no kwihaza mu biribwa ku biribwa bishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo kugira ngo bifashe ababishinzwe gufata ibyemezo bifatika”.
Raporo ivuga ko gutanga amakuru menshi no gusangira ku rwego rw'isi ari ngombwa kugira ngo habeho umwuka wo gufungura no kwizerana, kugira ngo abafatanyabikorwa bose bagire uruhare runini. Ivuga kandi ko imbaraga z’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga zagirira akamaro inzego zinyuranye zibishinzwe kwihaza mu biribwa, cyane cyane iz’ibihugu biciriritse n’ubukungu buciriritse, gukoresha uburyo bushingiye ku bimenyetso kugira ngo hategurwe ingamba zikenewe z’amabwiriza.
Irangiza ivuga ko usibye kwihaza mu biribwa, ibindi bice nka terminologiya, amategeko ngengamikorere, imirire, imyumvire y'abaguzi no kwemerwa (harimo uburyohe kandi buhendutse) ni ngombwa, kandi birashoboka ko ari ngombwa mu bijyanye no kwinjiza iryo koranabuhanga ku isoko.
Ku nama z’impuguke zabereye muri Singapuru kuva ku ya 1 kugeza ku ya 4 Ugushyingo umwaka ushize, FAO yahamagariye isi yose impuguke kuva ku ya 1 Mata kugeza ku ya 15 Kamena 2022, mu rwego rwo gushinga itsinda ry’inzobere zifite ubumenyi butandukanye n’uburambe.
Impuguke 138 zasabye kandi itsinda ryigenga ryatoranijwe ryasuzumye kandi ritondekanya ibyasabwe hashingiwe ku bipimo byateganijwe mbere - 33 basabye kurutonde. Muri bo, 26 barangije banashyiraho umukono ku ifishi 'Ibanga no gutangaza inyungu', hanyuma nyuma yo gusuzuma inyungu zose zashyizwe ahagaragara, abakandida badafite amakimbirane ashingiye ku nyungu bashyizwe ku rutonde rw’impuguke, mu gihe abakandida bafite aho bahurira n’iki kibazo kandi bakaba bashobora kubona ko ari amakimbirane y’inyungu yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’abantu bafite umutungo.
Impuguke mu bya tekinike ni:
lAnil Kumar Anal, umwarimu, Ishuri Rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Aziya, Tayilande
lWilliam Chen, yahawe umwarimu akaba n’umuyobozi ushinzwe ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu biribwa, kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Nanyang, Singapuru (umuyobozi wungirije)
lDeepak Choudhury, umuhanga mukuru mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibinyabuzima, Ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cya Bioprocessing, Ikigo gishinzwe ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n’ubushakashatsi, Singapore
lSghaier Chriki, umwarimu wungirije, Institut Supérieur de l'Ubuhinzi Rhône-Alpes, umushakashatsi, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubuhinzi, ibiribwa n’ibidukikije, Ubufaransa (umuyobozi wungirije w’itsinda)
lMarie-Pierre Ellies-Oury, umwungirije wungirije, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de L'Environnement na Bordeaux Science Agro, Ubufaransa
lJeremiah Fasano, umujyanama mukuru wa politiki, muri Amerika ishinzwe ibiryo n'ibiyobyabwenge, Amerika (intebe)
lMukunda Goswami, umuhanga mukuru, Inama yubushakashatsi bwubuhinzi, Ubuhinde
lWilliam Hallman, umwarimu akaba n'intebe, kaminuza ya Rutgers, Amerika
lGeoffrey Muriira Karau, umuyobozi ushinzwe ubuziranenge no kugenzura, Biro yubuziranenge, Kenya
lMartín Alfredo Lema, umuhanga mu binyabuzima, kaminuza nkuru ya Quilmes, muri Arijantine (umuyobozi wungirije)
lReza Ovissipour, umwungirije wungirije, Virginia Polytechnic Institute na kaminuza ya Leta, Amerika
lChristopher Simuntala, umuyobozi mukuru w’ibinyabuzima, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, Zambiya
lYongning Wu, umuhanga mukuru, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gusuzuma ingaruka z’umutekano w’ibiribwa, mu Bushinwa
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-04-2024