Ese imirire ishingiye kuri soya ni yo nzira ikurikira ku isoko ry'ibiribwa byo mu mahanga n'amata y'abana bato?

Mu gihe icyifuzo cy’abaguzi ku isi cy’ibiribwa bishingiye ku bimera, birambye kandi bifite intungamubiri zihagije gikomeje kwiyongera, ibikomoka kuri soya birimo kwinjira mu ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bw’ibiribwa. Ku bashoramari bo mu Bushinwa bohereza ibicuruzwa bya soya mu mahanga, gusobanukirwa imiterere igezweho y’isoko, amategeko agenga ibyo bicuruzwa ndetse n’ibyo abaguzi bakunda mu turere dutandukanye byabaye inyungu ikomeye mu irushanwa. Mu bintu byose bishya bikoreshwa, ibiryo by’abana bato n’abana bato byabaye kimwe mu bice byavuzweho cyane mu nganda z’imirire ku isi mu myaka ya vuba aha. Aya makuru asobanura aho ibikomoka kuri soya bigeze ubu, imbogamizi n’amahirwe y’ejo hazaza ku masoko yo mu mahanga, hibandwa cyane ku iterambere ryabyo no kubikoresha mu rwego rw’ibiribwa by’abana bato.

Kuki ibikomoka kuri Soya birimo gukundwa cyane ku masoko mpuzamahanga y'abaguzi?

Ibikomoka kuri soya bimaze igihe kinini ari ingenzi mu mirire y’Aziya, ariko mu myaka yashize byagaragaye ko bikura cyane mu Burayi, muri Amerika ya Ruguru no ku yandi masoko akuze. Impamvu nyamukuru y’iyi ngeso ni uko abaguzi barushaho kumenya agaciro kanini k’intungamubiri za soya. Bikungahaye kuri poroteyine y’ibimera, fibre, imyunyu ngugu na antioxydants, ibiryo bya soya bifite ibinure bike na karori, bigatuma biba amahitamo meza ku bantu bakunda ubuzima. Hagati aho, kwiyongera kw’imibereho y’abarya imboga n’abarya imboga gusa, hamwe no gushishikariza abantu bose kurya indyo ishingiye ku bimera mu buryo burambye, byarushijeho gutuma ibikomoka kuri soya biva ku mahitamo y’indyo yihariye bijya ku isoko ry’abaguzi. Amakuru aturuka mu rwego mpuzamahanga rw’ubucuruzi bw’ibiribwa agaragaza ko abaguzi b’i Burayi bakeneye cyane ibikomoka kuri soya gakondo nka tofu na yuba, mu gihe isoko rya Amerika ya Ruguru rigaragaza ko ryemerwa cyane n’ibikomoka kuri soya bishya kandi bitunganyijwe mu buryo bwimbitse.

Ni iyihe gahunda ikurikizwa ubu ku birebana n'amata y'abana akomoka kuri soya ku isi yose?

Amata y'ifu akomoka kuri soya afite amateka y'imyaka hafi 120 kuva yatangira gushyirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1909 nk'uburyo bwo gusimbura abana bafite ubwivumbure ku mashereka y'inka. Muri iki gihe, ibihugu bitandukanye n'uturere byashyizeho uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura iki cyiciro cy'ibicuruzwa. Mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, amata y'ifu ya soya na poroteyine y'umuceri yakuwemo amazi gusa ni byo byemewe muri poroteyine y'ibimera ku mashereka y'inka. Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyemera ku mugaragaro ko soya ari ikintu cyizewe kandi gikwiriye ku bana b'impinja bafite ubuzima bwiza. Ariko, ikigo gishinzwe ubuzima mu Bwongereza cyavuze neza ko amata y'ifu akomoka kuri soya adakwiye kuba amahitamo ya mbere ku bana bafite ubwivumbure bukomoka ku mashereka y'inka, kivuga ku bibazo by'ubuzima bishobora kubaho igihe kirekire. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko amwe mu mashanyarazi ya soya y'impinja za mbere yabuze ku isoko ry'u Burayi bitewe n'ibitazwi ku bijyanye n'ingano ya isoflavone phytoestrogen, imiti ibuza trypsin n'uburyohe bw'ibishyimbo, ariko ibinyobwa bya soya ku bana bato biracyaboneka cyane kandi bikunze gukoreshwa ku bana bafite ikibazo cyo kutihanganira lactose.

Ni gute udushya mu ikoranabuhanga dukemura ibibazo gakondo by'ububabareIbicuruzwa bya Soya?

Ifurumu ya soya ya mbere yakozwe mu ifu ya soya yoroshye yigeze guhura n'imbogamizi nyinshi zirimo kudasya neza, fibre nyinshi hamwe n'urugero rukabije rwa phytate, byabangamiye cyane iterambere ryayo mu rwego rw'imirire y'abana bato. Hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rihoraho mu nganda z'ibiribwa, isolate ya poroteyine ya soya igezweho ikorwa binyuze mu nzira zigezweho zo gukuramo solvent, bigatuma habaho isoko ya poroteyine igogora cyane kandi ifite agaciro k'intungamubiri. Isoko ririho ubu ririmo ibinyobwa bya soya bibika poroteyine karemano ya soya (na phytoestrogens) hamwe n'ibinyobwa bya soya byasukuwe hamwe na phytoestrogens byakuweho. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya no kunoza uburyohe bw'ibishyimbo byahoze bibangamira abaguzi benshi bo mu Burengerazuba bw'isi, byongera cyane uburyohe bw'ibikomoka kuri soya. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha uburyo burambye bwo gukora ubuhinzi byatumye urunigi rwose rw'inganda za soya rurushaho kuba rwiza ku bidukikije, birushaho kongera agaciro k'ibidukikije no kongerera agaciro isoko ry'ibikomoka kuri soya.

Icyo amahirwe n'imbogamizi ku isoko bikoraIgicuruzwa cya SoyaAbatumiza mu mahanga bahanganye na bo?

Nubwo isoko mpuzamahanga ry’ibikomoka kuri soya ari rinini, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze baracyahura n’imbogamizi nyinshi. Uturere dutandukanye dufite itandukaniro rikomeye mu mahame agenga umutekano w’ibiribwa, ibisabwa mu gushyiraho ibirango ndetse n’ibyo abaguzi bakunda, bivuze ko amasosiyete agomba gushyira mu bikorwa ibyiciro by’isoko no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa. Akarere ka Aziya na Pasifika biteganijwe ko kazarenga amasoko akuze ya Amerika y’Amajyaruguru n’i Burayi mu bijyanye n’umuvuduko w’iterambere mu myaka iri imbere, mu gihe amasoko gakondo y’i Burayi na Amerika azakomeza kugira isoko rinini. Ubuyobozi bw’isoko mu gihe kizaza buzashingira ku guhanga udushya mu buryo burambye mu miterere y’amafuru n’ingamba zihamye zo kwamamaza. Amafuru yihariye yakozwe ku bikenerwa byihariye mu mirire n’ubuzima azaba imbaraga nyamukuru mu iterambere ry’isoko. Ku bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga b’Abashinwa, gushyiraho inzira zo gukora umusaruro unyuze mu mucyo, uburyo buhamye bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge n’amashusho meza y’ikirango ni inzira nyamukuru yo gutsindira icyizere cy’igihe kirekire ku baguzi bo mu mahanga.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Q: Ese amafuru y'abana akomoka kuri soya afite umutekano ku bana bato igihe kirekire?A: Amafuru y’abana bato agezweho ashingiye kuri poroteyine ya soya iboneka ku isoko, ahuye n’amabwiriza agenga akarere, byagaragaye ko afite umutekano ku bana bazima bavutse igihe cyose, ariko ni byiza gukurikiza inama z’abaganga b’inzobere mbere yo kuyakoresha.
2. Q: Ni ibihe bicuruzwa by'ingenzi bya soya byo mu Bushinwa bigurishwa mu mahanga?A: Ibikomoka kuri soya byo mu Bushinwa byoherezwa mu Burayi, Amerika ya Ruguru no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, isoko ry'i Burayi rigaragaza ko rikeneye cyane ibikomoka kuri soya gakondo nka tofu na yuba.
3. Q: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya poroteyine isanzwe ya soya na isolate ya poroteyine ya soya?A: Poroteyine ya soya isolate ni isoko ya poroteyine isukuye cyane itunganywa binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kuyikuramo, ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyisya cyane, fibre nke na phytate, kandi ishobora gukorwa kugira ngo itagira phytoestrogens.
4. Q: Kuki amata y'abana bato ya soya yavuye ku isoko ry'i Burayi?A: Byakuwe ku isoko bitewe n'ibibazo bitari byarakemutse ku bijyanye n'ingano ya isoflavone phytoestrogen, kuba hari imiti igabanya ubukana bwa trypsin ndetse n'uburyohe karemano bw'ibishyimbo byagize ingaruka ku buryo ibi bicuruzwa biryoha.
5. Q: Ni ibihe byangombwa by'ingenzi bisabwa mu kohereza ibicuruzwa bya soya mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'i Burayi?A: Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza akaze y’umutekano w’ibiribwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, bakabona ibyemezo by’umusaruro w’ibiribwa, kandi bakareba neza ko urutonde rw’ibintu bigize ibicuruzwa n’ibyapa by’imirire byujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko agenga ibidukikije.
6. Q: Ni ayahe matsinda y'ingenzi y'abaguzi atuma isoko ry'ibicuruzwa bya soya ku isi rikura?A: Amatsinda y’ingenzi akoreshwa mu kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge arimo abarya ibiryo bitarimo inyama n’abarya ibikomoka ku bimera gusa, abarya ibiryo bidashobora kwihanganira lactose cyangwa poroteyine z’amata y’inka, n’abarya ibiryo byibanze ku buzima kandi bakurikiza ibiryo bitagira ibinure byinshi kandi bifite karori nke.