Muri iki cyumweru, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi (FAO), ku bufatanye na OMS, ryasohoye raporo yaryo ya mbere ku isi ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’ibiribwa ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku turemangingo.
Raporo igamije gutanga ishingiro rikomeye rya siyansi kugira ngo hatangwe uburyo bwo gushyiraho amategeko n'uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura umutekano wa poroteyine zindi.
Corinna Hawkes, umuyobozi w’ishami rya FAO rishinzwe ibiribwa n’umutekano w’ibiribwa, yagize ati: “FAO, hamwe na OMS, ishyigikira abanyamuryango bayo itanga inama za siyansi zishobora kuba ingirakamaro ku nzego zibifitiye ububasha mu bijyanye n’umutekano w’ibiribwa kugira ngo zikoreshe nk'ishingiro ryo gucunga ibibazo bitandukanye by’umutekano w’ibiribwa”.
Mu itangazo ryatanzwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Baturage (FAO) rigira riti: “Ibiribwa bikomoka ku turemangingo si ibiryo by’ejo hazaza. Ibigo birenga 100/ibigo bishya byamaze gukora ibiryo bikomoka ku turemangingo byiteguye gucuruzwa kandi bitegereje kwemezwa.”
Raporo ivuga ko ubu bushya bw’ibiribwa burimo gukurura abantu mu rwego rwo guhangana n’“ibibazo bikomeye by’ibiribwa” bijyanye n’umubare w’abatuye isi bagera kuri miliyari 9.8 mu 2050.
Kubera ko bimwe mu biribwa bikomoka ku turemangingo byamaze kugera mu byiciro bitandukanye by’iterambere, raporo ivuga ko "ari ngombwa gusuzuma mu buryo buboneye inyungu bishobora kuzana, ndetse n'ingaruka zose zijyanye na byo - harimo n'ibibazo by'umutekano w'ibiribwa n'ubwiza bwabyo".
Raporo, yiswe “Ingingo z’Umutekano w’Ibiribwa ku Biryo Bishingiye ku Turemangingo”, irimo inyandiko zikubiyemo ibibazo by’amagambo ajyanye n’ibyo umuntu avuga, amahame agenga uburyo bwo gukora ibiribwa bishingiye ku turemangingo, imiterere y’amategeko mpuzamahanga, n’inyigo zavuye muri Isiraheli, Qatar na Singapuru “kugira ngo hagaragazwe urwego, imiterere n’imiterere bitandukanye bikikije imiterere y’amategeko agenga ibiribwa bishingiye ku turemangingo”.
Iyi nyandiko irimo ibyavuye mu nama y’impuguke yayobowe na FAO yabereye muri Singapuru mu Gushyingo umwaka ushize, aho hakozwe igikorwa cyo kumenya ingaruka z’ibiribwa - kumenya ingaruka z’ibyorezo ari yo ntambwe ya mbere yo gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibyorezo.
Isesengura ry’ibyago ryakozwe mu byiciro bine by’uburyo bwo gukora ibiribwa bishingiye ku turemangingo: gushaka ibiribwa bishingiye ku turemangingo, gukura no gukora uturemangingo, gusarura uturemangingo, no gutunganya ibiribwa. Impuguke zemeza ko nubwo ibyago byinshi bisanzwe bizwi kandi bikabaho kimwe mu biribwa bikorerwa mu buryo busanzwe, hashobora kwibandwa ku bikoresho byihariye, ibikoresho byinjira, ibikoresho - harimo n’ibintu bishobora gutera ubwivumbure - n’ibikoresho byihariye mu gukora ibiribwa bishingiye ku turemangingo.
Nubwo FAO ivuga ku "biribwa bikomoka ku turemangingo," raporo yemera ko "guhingwa" na "guhingwa" ari amagambo akunze gukoreshwa mu nganda. FAO isaba inzego z'igihugu zishinzwe kugenzura ibidukikije gushyiraho imvugo isobanutse kandi ihamye kugira ngo igabanye itumanaho ritari ryo, ari ingenzi mu gushyiraho ibirango.
Raporo igaragaza ko uburyo bwo gusuzuma umutekano w’ibiribwa bikomoka ku turemangingo bukwiriye buri gihe kuko, nubwo hashobora gukorwa isesengura rusange ku bijyanye n’uburyo umusaruro ukorwa, buri gicuruzwa gishobora gukoresha amasoko atandukanye y’uturemangingo, ibyuma bifasha mu gutunganya ibidukikije, imiterere y’ubuhinzi n’imiterere y’ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro.
Ivuga kandi ko mu bihugu byinshi, ibiryo bishingiye ku turemangingo bishobora gusuzumwa hakurikijwe gahunda nshya z'ibiribwa zisanzweho, isobanura ivugurura rya Singapuru ku mategeko mashya y'ibiribwa kugira ngo rishyiremo ibiryo bishingiye ku turemangingo ndetse n'amasezerano yemewe ya Amerika ku bijyanye no gushyira ibirango n'ibisabwa mu mutekano w'ibiryo bikozwe mu turemangingo tw'amatungo n'inkoko, nk'ingero. Yongeraho ko USDA yavuze ko igamije gushyiraho amabwiriza agenga ishyirwa ry'ibirango ku nyama n'ibikomoka ku nkoko bikomoka ku turemangingo tw'inyamaswa.
Nk’uko FAO ibivuga, “kuri ubu hari amakuru make n’amakuru ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’ibiribwa bikomoka ku turemangingo kugira ngo bifashe abashinzwe kugenzura gufata ibyemezo bifatika”.
Raporo ivuga ko gukora no gusangira amakuru menshi ku rwego rw'isi ari ingenzi mu gushyiraho umwuka wo kwisanzura no kwizerana, kugira ngo abafatanyabikorwa bose bagire uruhare rwiza. Ivuga kandi ko imbaraga mpuzamahanga mu bufatanye zagirira akamaro inzego zitandukanye zifite ubushobozi bwo kubungabunga umutekano w'ibiribwa, cyane cyane izo mu bihugu bifite amikoro make n'aciriritse, kugira ngo zikoreshe uburyo bushingiye ku bimenyetso kugira ngo zitegure ingamba zose zikenewe zo kugenzura.
Isoza ivuga ko uretse umutekano w'ibiribwa, izindi ngingo nk'amagambo, amategeko agenga imirire, uburyo abaguzi babona kandi bakabyakira (harimo uburyohe n'ubushobozi bwo kubigura) nazo ni ingenzi, ndetse wenda bikaba ingenzi cyane mu bijyanye no kwinjiza iri koranabuhanga ku isoko.
Ku nama y’impuguke yabereye muri Singapuru kuva ku ya 1 kugeza ku ya 4 Ugushyingo umwaka ushize, FAO yashyize ahagaragara ihamagara ry’impuguke ku isi yose kuva ku ya 1 Mata kugeza ku ya 15 Kamena 2022, kugira ngo hashyirweho itsinda ry’impuguke zifite ubumenyi n’uburambe mu nzego zitandukanye.
Impuguke 138 zasabye kandi akanama kigenga ko gutoranya kasuzumye kandi kashyira ku rutonde abasabye bakurikije ibipimo byagenwe mbere – abasabye akazi 33 batoranyijwe. Muri bo, 26 bujuje kandi bashyira umukono ku ifishi ya 'Gukora Ibanga no Gutangaza Ibyiza', kandi nyuma yo gusuzuma inyungu zose zagaragajwe, abakandida badafite aho bahuriye n'inyungu bashyizwe ku rutonde rw'impuguke, mu gihe abakandida bafite ubumenyi buhagije kuri iki kibazo kandi gishobora gufatwa nk'aho ari ikibazo cy'inyungu bashyizwe ku rutonde rw'abantu bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora akazi.
Impuguke mu itsinda ry’abahanga mu bya tekiniki ni:
lAnil Kumar Anal, Porofeseri, Ikigo cy'Ikoranabuhanga cya Aziya, muri Tayilande
William Chen, Porofeseri w’umuhanga akaba n’umuyobozi w’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu biribwa, Kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Nanyang, muri Singapuru (visi perezida)
lDeepak Choudhury, umuhanga mu bya siyansi mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora biomanufacturing, Ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga ritunganya biomanufacturing, Ikigo cy’ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n’ubushakashatsi, muri Singapuru
lSghaier Chriki, umwarimu wungirije, Institut Supérieur de l'Ubuhinzi Rhône-Alpes, umushakashatsi, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubuhinzi, ibiribwa n’ibidukikije, Ubufaransa (umuyobozi wungirije w’itsinda)
lMarie-Pierre Ellies-Oury, umwungirije wungirije, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de L'Environnement na Bordeaux Science Agro, Ubufaransa
lJeremiah Fasano, umujyanama mukuru wa politiki, Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (umuyobozi)
lMukunda Goswami, umuhanga mu bya siyansi mukuru, Inama y'Ubuhinde ishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku buhinzi, mu Buhinde
William Hallman, umwarimu akaba n'umuyobozi wa Kaminuza ya Rutgers, muri Amerika
Geoffrey Muriira Karau, umuyobozi ushinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge n'igenzura, Ikigo gishinzwe ubuziranenge, muri Kenya
lMartín Alfredo Lema, umuhanga mu binyabuzima, kaminuza nkuru ya Quilmes, muri Arijantine (umuyobozi wungirije)
lReza Ovissipour, umwarimu wungirije, Ikigo cya Virginia Polytechnic na Kaminuza ya Leta, muri Amerika
lChristopher Simuntala, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe umutekano w’ibinyabuzima, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe umutekano w’ibinyabuzima, Zambiya
lYongning Wu, umuhanga mu bya siyansi mukuru, Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Isuzuma ry'Ingaruka z'Umutekano w'Ibiribwa, mu Bushinwa
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-04-2024